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Today, June 24, 2019, the National Currency and Stamp Factory-Real Casa de la Moneda has put four new coins in the "History of Navigation" collection on sale, which will have a total of 20 pieces. The first four were issued in December 2018 and the remaining twelve are being issued throughout this 2019.
The Royal Mint decided to mint this series of coins dedicated to recall the "History of Navigation", which reproduces a selection of boats that, for one reason or another, have been relevant over time.
In this new issue, which is the fourth and penultimate of the series, we find the Nao Victoria, the Birre de Guerra Romana, the Fragata Acorazada Numancia and the Spanish Galleon of the 17th century.
Nao Victoria
Period: 16th century
Length: 25 m Beam: 7.5 m
Propulsion: Sailing
The nao was a ship of high board, descendant of the rattle and was the most used by the Iberian nations in the oceanic voyages of the time of the discoveries. It had a size of 200 to 600 tons and the Spanish in particular had a double keel than the sleeve, while the length was triple. It rigged square sails and, although it did not fit the wind, it swung easily, it was great to bear the artillery and the load.
Traditionally it has been affirmed that the Victoria was built in Zarauz and that its name was due to the fact that it was in the Sevillian church of Santa María de la Victoria de Triana, where Magellan, Portuguese navigator in the service of Spain, swore to serve King Charles I. It displaced about 102 tons. It counted on three sticks: ratchet and major with cross rigging with topsails and mizzen with Latin sail. He had to build about 10 culverins and his crew was 45 men. It cost 300,000 maravedis.
Milestones: The nao Victoria is one of the most famous ships in the world for having been the protagonist of the first circumnavigation of the globe, one of the most important deeds of history. La Victoria was one of the five ships of the expedition of Magellan, who had convinced to Carlos I, that the islands of the spices were in the Spanish hemisphere (Treaty of Tordesillas), to which it was possible to be arrived sailing towards the west, looking for a passage through the New World. The other four boats were the Trinidad, San Antonio, Concepción and Santiago.
The armada left Seville on August 10, 1519 and on March 31, it arrived at the bay of San Julián (Patagonia) where it wintered. In those waters there was a rebellion against Magellan, which was put down; Santiago sank and San Antonio defected and returned to Spain.
After discovering the Strait, they crossed the immense ocean that they called Pacific. They reached the Marianas and then the Philippines, where Magallanes died in a revolt with the Indians in Mactan. La Concepcion was burned down due to the shortage of crew members and in the Moluccas Islands took charge of the command Elcano, who sailing through the Indian Ocean and skirting the Cape of Good Hope arrived at Sanlúcar, on board the Victoria, on September 6, 1522, with 18 men, of the 234 who had left three years ago, completing the first round the world.
After the circumnavigation, the Victory was sold for 106.274 maravedíes and after being repaired it sailed twice to Santo Domingo, being lost in the second tornaviaje to Spain.
On the obverse, in the central area, a detail of the work entitled "Nao Victoria", which is preserved in the Naval Museum of Madrid, is reproduced in colors. In the upper left, the legend NAO VICTORIA. In the lower part, the legend SPAIN and the year of minting 2019.
Birreme de Guerra Romana
Epoch: Between the first century BC and XV AD
Length: Between 24.4 m and 25 m Beam: Between 5 and 5.5 m
Propulsion: Mixed rowing and sailing.
Armament: Catapults and the hand of the combatants that endowed it.
The bireme, like the trireme, the cuatrireme, the quinquereme are derivations of the galley, transformed into a warship by Ramses III, Egyptian pharaoh and by the Phoenicians around the year 800 BC. The use of war was decisive in its evolution, lengthening the hull and placing two levels of rowers, 12 in each level per band, which made a total of 48; calling themselves such bireremes.
In addition to rowing they were sailing, since they had a mast in the center of the boat with a square sail. Constructed with spruce, cypress and larch wood, the biremes were the first to have a spur forward, initially of wood and then metallic or lined with bronze. It also had a walkway or central corridor where the archers and fighters were located, protected by the bollards placed on both sides of the nave.
Thus a fast, agile ship was obtained, useful in defensive tasks of the coast and of effective attack, acquiring great importance in the Roman imperial stage.
Armed as it corresponded to a warship, the bireme presented significant novelties, in addition to adopting the so-called Greek fire (incendiary devices), use of arrows and burning vessels, they used catapults that launched projectiles burning, sometimes of such power and size that it was I need to mount them on two ships. Important was the arpax or harp, consisting of a catapult located on the deck of the ship that launched at a great distance a hook with which it was hooked to the enemy ship and allowed to attract it to board it. It was also a great novelty the corvus or crow, made of wood, a kind of drawbridge, placed vertically, of more than one meter wide and up to ten or more meters long, which at the end opposite the base had a iron hook; when he let go and fell heavily, he stuck into the enemy ship, preventing him from separating and allowing his boarding; as the base turned on itself and made a complete turn, the corvus threw itself in any direction. In this way the enemy ship could be captured without sinking it (battle of Milas, in Sicily, in 260 BC).
Milestones: Especially remarkable in the history of the bireme are the successes of Octavio: Battle of Nauloco (36 BC defeated Sexto Pompeyo), Battle of Actium (31 BC, defeated the fleets of Marco Antonio and Cleopatra). The use of the bireme lasted a long time, in the assault and conquest of Byzantium by the Turks in 1453, in the Ottoman fleet there were around 10 ships of this type.
On the obverse, in the central area, a detail of the work entitled "Roman ships. Birreme of war. Barco de Comercio ", made by Rafael Monleón y Torres, which is kept in the Naval Museum of Madrid. In the upper left, the legend BIRREME DE ROMAN WAR. In the lower part, the legend SPAIN and the year of minting 2019.
Armored Frigate Numancia
Period: 19th and 20th Centuries
Length: 96 m Beam: 17 m Draft: 8 m
Propulsion: Sailing and motor
Armament: Cannons and portable weaponry
This frigate, whose name evokes the deed of the Celtiberian inhabitants of Numancia in front of the Roman legions, has been one of the most important ships in the History of the Navy.
Built in the shipyards of La Seyne, in Toulon, launched on November 17, 1863, it was delivered in December of the following year.
It displaced 7,402 tons, with a power of machines of 1,000 CV, that propelled a propeller, with a walk of 12 long knots. He mounted three sticks with frigate rigging, for auxiliary sail navigation. On his teak hull he wore a 13 cm thick iron shield that shielded the frigate from 2.3m below the waterline to the main deck. The armament was modern for its time, with 34 guns of 20cm / 68 pounds. The endowment was of 590 men and cost a true fortune of the time: 8,322,252 pesetas. In 1877 it became the first ship of the Navy that had electrical lighting. In 1896 it was reconverted into an armored coastguard, the machine was changed, the armament was removed and the rigging of the sails was eliminated.
Milestones: In 1865 the Numancia joined the Pacific Squadron, sent by the Government to the hostile conduct of Chile and Peru with Spanish interests.
The commandant of Numancia, D. Casto Méndez Núñez, carried out an aggressive and aggressive campaign, which culminated in the bombings of Valparaíso and Callao (2.5.1866). After the war, part of the squadron returned through Cape Horn, and the rest, including Numancia, after a stopover in the Philippines by the Cape of Good Hope, arrived in Cadiz on 20.9.1867. It was the first battleship that went around the world, an immortalized milestone with the slogan "In Ioricata navis quae primo terram circuivit" before the astonishment of those who affirmed their inability to navigate ocean. In 1873, in Cartagena he joined the cantonal, being the flagship of the insurgent fleet. He participated in the bombing of Alicante and in the combats of Portman. His last war action was in 1909 in Morocco, bombing against rife positions in Barranco del Lobo. In August of 1911 some of the non-commissioned officers and part of the crew participated in the failed uprising of the Numancia in the waters of Tangier to overthrow the Monarchy and proclaim the Republic.
When decreeing the low one, after serving as school of orphans, many voices rose to conserve it like floating museum. Finally, when it was towed to Bilbao for scrapping, at the height of Lisbon it was surprised by a strong storm, which caused its collapse on December 17, 1916, after 51 years of services to Spain.
On the obverse, in the central area, an image of the work titled "Modern military navy is reproduced in colors. Battleships. Numancia Spanish frigate, which is preserved in the Naval Museum of Madrid. In the upper left, the legend FRAGATA ARENAAZADA NUMANCIA. In the lower part, the legend SPAIN and the year of minting 2019.
Spanish galleon of the seventeenth century
Period: From the 16th to the 17th century
Length: length-to- beam ratio from 3.2 to 3.5
Propulsion: Sail
Armament: Typical gunship: 13 guns per band on the first deck, 12 on the second, 3 per gang on poop and 4 Ditto in the castle.
It began to be named with this name in the sixteenth century, deriving its name from the galleys.
Their proeles forms were inspired by the galleys and their round sterns or "de culo de mona" (which later was flattened taking the form of a violin) with heights on the floating "in crescendo" throughout its historical development, for to be able to fight with advantage to the possible enemies. The adaptation to the Sevillian Guadalquivir was greatly influenced by its forms, by the passage of the Sanlúcar de Barrameda bar and the dangerous settlement of San Juan de Ulúa in Veracruz.
The first reference to this type of ship is dated in Oran in 1509, where a galleon of 144 tons and limited crew of 19 men was registered. In 1540, we found galleons that arc between 300 and 500 tons; and in that same year there are seats between the Crown and D. Álvaro de Bazán ("the Elder") of "galleons of new invention", the San Pedro and San Pablo of 600 and 700 tons respectively. A decade later, Bazán himself undertakes to build 3 current galleons and another 3 of "new invention", and all with "2000 tons" of displacement.
At the end of the seventeenth century, it could not yet be defined if the galleons were merchant ships or wars because it depended on the mission entrusted to them, in any case, they always had self-defense (cannons in battery) and progressively gave way to the line ship . In 1732, Felipe V ordered to replace the heavy galleons by lighter ships called "unregistered ships"
Milestones: The fleets of galleons, protected by the navies, due to the permanent action of piracy and corsarism, were the backbone of the support of the traffic with the Indies, transporting all kinds of merchandise on the way out and returning with the precious metals and fruits of those new lands. The route of the South Sea (Pacific Ocean) was served by the "galleon of Manila / Acapulco" that kept that name until the end of the vital link, although sometimes the galleons used were not exactly galleons.
On the obverse, in the central area, a detail of the work entitled "Renaissance. Galleons XVII century according to engravings. Paintings, drawings and descriptions of the time. Dutch galleon and Castilian galleon ", which is preserved in the Naval Museum of Madrid. In the upper left, the legend SPANISH GALEON SIGLO XVII. In the lower part, the legend SPAIN and the year of minting 2019.
Common Reverse
On the back (common to all the pieces), inside a central circle, appears the value of the coin 1.5 EURO, in two lines and in capital letters, and the legend HISTORY OF NAVIGATION, in a circular and uppercase sense. Surround the legends of the central area a line of pine nuts. Outside the central circle, in the outer area of the coin, there are six dolphins jumping, in a counter-clockwise direction, on the same aquatic motifs that appear on the anvers. It surrounds all the motifs and all the legends with a graphite of pine nuts.
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