Today, April 29, 2019, the National Currency and Stamp Factory-Real Casa de la Moneda makes available to the public four new coins from the "History of Navigation" collection, which will have a total of 20 pieces. The first four were issued in December 2018 and the remaining twelve are issued throughout this 2019.
The first eight coins were dedicated to the Phoenician Combat Ship, the Scandinavian Drakkar, the Spanish Ship, the Juan Sebastian de Elcano School Ship, the Greek War Trireme, the Chinese Champant, the Charles V Armored Cruiser and the Supply Vessel. Combat Patiño. The coins have a facial of 1.5 euros and are minted in cupronickel.
The Royal Mint has decided to coin a series of coins dedicated to recall the "History of Navigation", which reproduces a selection of boats that, for one reason or another, have been relevant throughout the times.
Galera Española S.XVII
The galley has been the main ship, for the longest time, of the Mediterranean war fleets. From the galley there is news from the times of Homer and it was maintained from antiquity (biremes and triremes) until the beginning of the 19th century.
The sixteenth and seventeenth centuries was the golden age of the galleys, the Spanish ones operating in all the seas, from the Caribbean to the Pacific, having in the Mare Nostrum its great stage, especially in the struggles between Christians, Turks and Berbers, reaching its peak in Lepanto and with sailors of the stature of Gelmírez, Bonifaz, Jofre Tenorio, Enríquez, Roger de Lauria or Álvaro de Bazán, who wrote glorious pages of our history
The galley, ship conceived for war, had little draft, they had sails for the displacements with favorable winds, that were lowered before entering battle. The very elongated hull, as support of the frame with the banks of the rowers that occupied it in almost all its length. They were classified by the number of banks. Among those who fought in Lepanto, highlight the ordinary call (24/26 banks) and the Royal, the Don Juan de Austria (30 banks).
The command post, was in the aft superstructure (float), covered by the tendal or awning, and adorned with reliefs and sculptures. The lantern, placed at the end of the stern, was richly decorated and, together with the flags and banners, was the hallmark of the command. During the transits the galleys fleets used to sail in a row line. For the combat, to avoid the attack by the stern, the line was formed, with the captain in the center deploying to fight in a device constituted by five groups: in vanguard, a squadron in exploration and reconnaissance; the thick, formed by the square of the center, flanked by the two wings, and to the rear reserve squadron.
Because in the Mediterranean the combats that then were fought were of believers against infidels, the device of the Christians was called formation of cross, and to the ottoman of half moon, because the ends of the wings used to be advanced with respect to the center. The victory was almost always the one that best used the light artillery and the white arms in the boarding, being primordial to reach it the hand-to-hand combat.
The sixteenth and seventeenth centuries was the golden age of the galleys, the Spanish ones operating in all the seas, from the Caribbean to the Pacific, having in the Mare Nostrum its great stage, especially in the struggles between Christians, Turks and Berbers, reaching its peak in Lepanto and with sailors of the stature of Gelmírez, Bonifaz, Jofre Tenorio, Enríquez, Roger de Lauria or Álvaro de Bazán, who wrote glorious pages of our history
The galley, ship conceived for war, had little draft, they had sails for the displacements with favorable winds, that were lowered before entering battle. The very elongated hull, as support of the frame with the banks of the rowers that occupied it in almost all its length. They were classified by the number of banks. Among those who fought in Lepanto, highlight the ordinary call (24/26 banks) and the Royal, the Don Juan de Austria (30 banks).
The command post, was in the aft superstructure (float), covered by the tendal or awning, and adorned with reliefs and sculptures. The lantern, placed at the end of the stern, was richly decorated and, together with the flags and banners, was the hallmark of the command. During the transits the galleys fleets used to sail in a row line. For the combat, to avoid the attack by the stern, the line was formed, with the captain in the center deploying to fight in a device constituted by five groups: in vanguard, a squadron in exploration and reconnaissance; the thick, formed by the square of the center, flanked by the two wings, and to the rear reserve squadron.
Because in the Mediterranean the combats that then were fought were of believers against infidels, the device of the Christians was called formation of cross, and to the ottoman of half moon, because the ends of the wings used to be advanced with respect to the center. The victory was almost always the one that best used the light artillery and the white arms in the boarding, being primordial to reach it the hand-to-hand combat.
On the obverse is reproduced in colors a detail of the work entitled "Renaissance. Large seventeenth century galleys. Watercolor ", which is preserved in the Naval Museum of Madrid. Above the central image, the legend SPANISH GALLEY XVI CENTURY. In the lower part, the legend SPAIN and the year of minting 2019.
Period: From the sixteenth century to the nineteenth century
Length: 4 m
Beam: 6 m
Draft: 2 to 3 m
Propulsion: Sailing and rowing
Armament: the spur (traditional weapon to ram the enemy), artillery and troop armament (arcabuz)
Ship of the XIV Century
The activity during the fourteenth century in the Atlantic Ocean served to confirm to the Europeans, particularly the kingdoms of Portugal and Castile, that for those deeper and braver waters ships of greater importance than those used in the Mediterranean were needed.
In search of greater stability, helmets tend to shorten the length and expand the sleeve, giving the boat the appearance of a nutshell; the driving force is the sail, so he is endowed with one, two and, more rarely, three sticks, in which are usually square sails and, in some cases, in the mizzen could carry Latin sail, triangular. To neutralize as much as possible the effects of the waves, the board became higher. It had a castle astern, while a smaller one appeared at the bow, new features that made it convenient to lengthen the hull, giving the ship a more marine aspect. Another important novelty that occurs in the fourteenth century is the axial rudder, in the center of the stern, which will allow a better government of the ship, demanding a straight cant, that the stern was gradually taking the square shape (which will remain until the eighteenth century) and that it would be necessary to lengthen the keel. By gaining maneuverability, it was possible to increase the tonnage, load capacity, add a second deck and expand the vertical surface, which will reduce the descent or lateral displacement of the ship.
Some evidence of the time indicates that it was the Basques who introduced this type of boat, which they called coca, in the Mediterranean at the beginning of the 14th century. The coques used by the Hansa, of a single stick and square sail, dedicated to the commerce, could take up to 200 tons of load, differentiating themselves of those constructed more to the south, in which the prow was curved and, in general, was more adapted to the open waters of the Bay of Biscay and the Atlantic. After the thirteenth century, a second pole appears as reinforcement of the mast and is complemented by a third pole, smaller than the other two. This ship is much more governable being the main sail of the mainmast the main driver of the ship.
Although the tradition and practice in shipbuilding produced a diversification and progressive specialization of ships, coca is probably the most representative vessel of this time. When the new types of vessels appeared -carabela, nao and galleon-, the coca did not disappear and continued to be used as a cargo ship, preferably.
In search of greater stability, helmets tend to shorten the length and expand the sleeve, giving the boat the appearance of a nutshell; the driving force is the sail, so he is endowed with one, two and, more rarely, three sticks, in which are usually square sails and, in some cases, in the mizzen could carry Latin sail, triangular. To neutralize as much as possible the effects of the waves, the board became higher. It had a castle astern, while a smaller one appeared at the bow, new features that made it convenient to lengthen the hull, giving the ship a more marine aspect. Another important novelty that occurs in the fourteenth century is the axial rudder, in the center of the stern, which will allow a better government of the ship, demanding a straight cant, that the stern was gradually taking the square shape (which will remain until the eighteenth century) and that it would be necessary to lengthen the keel. By gaining maneuverability, it was possible to increase the tonnage, load capacity, add a second deck and expand the vertical surface, which will reduce the descent or lateral displacement of the ship.
Some evidence of the time indicates that it was the Basques who introduced this type of boat, which they called coca, in the Mediterranean at the beginning of the 14th century. The coques used by the Hansa, of a single stick and square sail, dedicated to the commerce, could take up to 200 tons of load, differentiating themselves of those constructed more to the south, in which the prow was curved and, in general, was more adapted to the open waters of the Bay of Biscay and the Atlantic. After the thirteenth century, a second pole appears as reinforcement of the mast and is complemented by a third pole, smaller than the other two. This ship is much more governable being the main sail of the mainmast the main driver of the ship.
Although the tradition and practice in shipbuilding produced a diversification and progressive specialization of ships, coca is probably the most representative vessel of this time. When the new types of vessels appeared -carabela, nao and galleon-, the coca did not disappear and continued to be used as a cargo ship, preferably.
On the obverse is reproduced in colors a detail of the work entitled "Ship of the fourteenth century", which is preserved in the Naval Museum of Madrid. In the upper left, the NAVÍO legend of the XIV CENTURY. In the lower part, the legend SPAIN and the year of minting 2019.
Period: From the thirteenth century to the fifteenth century
Length: from 15 to 25 m Beam: from 5 to 8 m
Propulsion: Sailing
Caravel
Portugal and Castile began their overseas expansion in the fifteenth century, with the caravel, on which there is already some reference in the thirteenth century, reaching its most splendid moment in the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. It seems that its name derives from an Arabic word -gârib or carabo- which designated a Byzantine vessel. The Portuguese imported it from the Muslims, adding the infant D.Enrique the Navigator to the structure of the helmet and to the sails of the Muslims, the European techniques and methods of the helmet. The result was a different ship in design and rigging that was then used in Europe, but built just like them.
Moved by sail, the caravel was light, with a high embankment, with two or three masts, with a single deck and a castle aft (they rarely had another forward); the incorporation of the Latin or triangular sail allowed him to sail from bowline, girding the bow wind, while with the square or round sail he took better advantage of the stern wind. The combination of both types of sails produced a new model, the round caravel that usually displaced from 20 to 50 tons; At the end of the 15th century there were already caravels with a load capacity of up to 200 tons, although it is normal to have them from 40 to 60 tons, so they had a large capacity to load merchandise and supplies for a large crew, allowing long voyages, in which, due to their shallow draft, they could approach the coast and enter areas of shallows.
Milestones: The caravels were the ships of the geographical discoveries in the XV and XVI centuries of Portuguese and Spanish. After the conquest and colonization of America, a ship with greater cargo capacity and better marine services was needed, with the galleon appearing, which will displace the caravel. Famous caravels were the Pinta and the Girl, of the first trip of Christopher Columbus to America and, already of century XVII, Our Lady of the Good Event and Our Lady of Atocha, of 80 tons with 40 crew each one, that realized the discoverer trip by Southern America.
Moved by sail, the caravel was light, with a high embankment, with two or three masts, with a single deck and a castle aft (they rarely had another forward); the incorporation of the Latin or triangular sail allowed him to sail from bowline, girding the bow wind, while with the square or round sail he took better advantage of the stern wind. The combination of both types of sails produced a new model, the round caravel that usually displaced from 20 to 50 tons; At the end of the 15th century there were already caravels with a load capacity of up to 200 tons, although it is normal to have them from 40 to 60 tons, so they had a large capacity to load merchandise and supplies for a large crew, allowing long voyages, in which, due to their shallow draft, they could approach the coast and enter areas of shallows.
Milestones: The caravels were the ships of the geographical discoveries in the XV and XVI centuries of Portuguese and Spanish. After the conquest and colonization of America, a ship with greater cargo capacity and better marine services was needed, with the galleon appearing, which will displace the caravel. Famous caravels were the Pinta and the Girl, of the first trip of Christopher Columbus to America and, already of century XVII, Our Lady of the Good Event and Our Lady of Atocha, of 80 tons with 40 crew each one, that realized the discoverer trip by Southern America.
On the obverse is reproduced in colors a detail of the work entitled "Marina of the Middle Ages. Century XVI. Caravels of Columbus. Watercolor ", which is exhibited at the Naval Museum of Madrid. In the upper left, the legend CARABELA. In the lower part, the legend SPAIN and the year of minting 2019.
Period: From the 13th to the 17th century
Length: from 20 to 25 m
Length-to-beam ratio: from 3 to 1
LHD Juan Carlos I
Built according to own design by Navantia in its factory in Ferrol, it is a similar ship to the Tarawa class, with amphibious capacity - with flood dam and beach for beached - and aerial - with flight deck and hangar - therefore, of the LHD type (Landing Helicopter Dock).
As an aircraft carrier, due to its small displacement, it can only use short takeoff aircraft. Its construction was ordered in order to satisfy the need to transport land forces to conflict zone to be landed as close as possible to the area of operations, both in classic amphibious landings, on the beach, and in disembarkations in ports with little infrastructure. Hence its limited maximum speed.
The SCOMBA system (tactical information), almost all radars, the Lanza aerial exploration and the electronic warfare systems are manufactured domestically. Like the rest of the modern ships of the Navy, it is designed to operate in international groups regularly, and that is why it is equipped with the most modern means of communication. Its staff is composed of 295 people, being able to move 26,000 tons
Generators: One gas turbine (LM 2500) and two diesel with a combined power of 27,000 MW.
Aircraft capacity: Up to 30 heavy and medium helicopters, in amphibious operations, between 10 and 12 vertical take-off aircraft and other medium-sized helicopters, on an air-naval mission. It can operate with vertical take-off aircraft (F-35 Americans). At the bow of the flight deck has a takeoff ramp of 12 ° inclination.
As an aircraft carrier, due to its small displacement, it can only use short takeoff aircraft. Its construction was ordered in order to satisfy the need to transport land forces to conflict zone to be landed as close as possible to the area of operations, both in classic amphibious landings, on the beach, and in disembarkations in ports with little infrastructure. Hence its limited maximum speed.
The SCOMBA system (tactical information), almost all radars, the Lanza aerial exploration and the electronic warfare systems are manufactured domestically. Like the rest of the modern ships of the Navy, it is designed to operate in international groups regularly, and that is why it is equipped with the most modern means of communication. Its staff is composed of 295 people, being able to move 26,000 tons
Generators: One gas turbine (LM 2500) and two diesel with a combined power of 27,000 MW.
Aircraft capacity: Up to 30 heavy and medium helicopters, in amphibious operations, between 10 and 12 vertical take-off aircraft and other medium-sized helicopters, on an air-naval mission. It can operate with vertical take-off aircraft (F-35 Americans). At the bow of the flight deck has a takeoff ramp of 12 ° inclination.
Boat capacity: Four LCM-1E barges.
Vehicle capacity A total of about 3300 m2 of garage for heavy and light vehicles.
Milestones: Being the flagship of the Navy, it has its base in Rota (Cádiz). Its area of operations are all the oceans and seas of the globe, but its presence throughout its life has been in the Mediterranean and the Atlantic. In 2018 he transported Army forces, including Chinook heavy helicopters, to Kuwait, for deployment in Iraq, and then made promotional stops in Bombay and Alexandria. Throughout his life he has participated in various national and international exercises, highlighting Noble Mariner 2014. In 2014, Osprey aircraft of the US Marine Corps operated from his deck.
It is the largest ship that the Navy has counted in its entire history and consequently also the largest warship made in Spain.
Milestones: Being the flagship of the Navy, it has its base in Rota (Cádiz). Its area of operations are all the oceans and seas of the globe, but its presence throughout its life has been in the Mediterranean and the Atlantic. In 2018 he transported Army forces, including Chinook heavy helicopters, to Kuwait, for deployment in Iraq, and then made promotional stops in Bombay and Alexandria. Throughout his life he has participated in various national and international exercises, highlighting Noble Mariner 2014. In 2014, Osprey aircraft of the US Marine Corps operated from his deck.
It is the largest ship that the Navy has counted in its entire history and consequently also the largest warship made in Spain.
Period: High in the Navy since September 30, 2008
Length: 231 m
Beam: 32 m.
Propulsion: Two 11 MW electric motors that provide a maximum speed of 21.5 knots.
Armament: Four 12.7 mm machine guns for very close defense.
On the obverse, an image of the LHD Juan Carlos I is reproduced in colors, according to photographs owned by the Spanish Navy. Above the central image, the legend LHD JUAN CARLOS I. In the lower part, the legend SPAIN and the year of minting 2019.
Common Reverse
On the back (common to all the pieces), inside a central circle, appears the value of the coin 1.5 EURO, in two lines and in capital letters, and the legend HISTORY OF NAVIGATION, in a circular and uppercase sense. Surround the legends of the central area a line of pine nuts. Outside the central circle, in the outer area of the coin, there are six dolphins jumping, in a counter-clockwise direction, on the same aquatic motifs that appear on the anvers. It surrounds all the motifs and all the legends with a graphite of pine nuts.
Characteristics of the coins
Facial: 1.5 euros Composition: Cupronickel Weight: 15 g Diameter: 33 mm Maximum emission volume: 10,000 of each Price: 14 € plus VAT
If you want to see the complete series, you can see it in what was published here on August 22nd.
Facial: 1.5 euros Composition: Cupronickel Weight: 15 g Diameter: 33 mm Maximum emission volume: 10,000 of each Price: 14 € plus VAT
If you want to see the complete series, you can see it in what was published here on August 22nd.
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